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CABASER CABERGOLINE ; . Abbreviated Prescribing Information. Before prescribing see Summary of Product Characteristics. Presentation: Cabaser tablets: Containing 1, 2 or 4 mg cabergoline. Uses: The treatment of symptoms of Parkinson's disease, as adjuvant therapy to levodopa plus dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor, in patients affected by `on-off' mobility problems with daily fluctuations in motor performance. Improvement of motor deficit has been demonstrated while permitting a substantial decrease in L-dopa dose. Dosage and Administration: Adults and elderly patients: The recommended therapeutic dosage is 2-6 mg day as adjuvant therapy to levodopa, given as a single daily oral dose. Dose should be titrated slowly against efficacy and tolerability. A starting dose of 1 mg daily is recommended; the dosage of concurrent levodopa may be gradually decreased, while the dose of Cabaser is increased. In view of the long half-life of the compound, the dose may be increased in gradual weekly or bi-weekly intervals by increments of 0.5-1.0 mg, up to optimal doses. Use in Children: not recommended. Contra-indications: Hypersensitivity to any ergot alkaloid. Warnings: In patients with severe hepatic insufficiency the dose should be reduced accordingly. Cabaser is an ergot derivative. Fibrotic reactions have occurred after prolonged usage of ergot derivatives. Patients with a history of such disorders should not be treated with Cabaser. Renal insufficiency has not been shown to modify Cabaser kinetics. Caution is advised in patients suffering from severe cardiovascular disease, Raynaud's syndrome, peptic ulcer, gastrointestinal bleeding or a history of major psychotic illness. In cases of unexplained high ESR, or emergence of respiratory.
1 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Collaborative Group. Chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis using updated data on individual patients from 52 randomised clinical trials. BMJ 1995; 311: 899909. Lynch TJ Jr. Review of two phase III randomized trials of single-agent docetaxel in previously treated advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Semin Oncol 2001; 28 suppl 9 ; : 59. 3 Kris MG. What does chemotherapy have to offer patients with advancedstage non-small cell lung cancer? Semin Oncol 1998; 25 suppl 8 ; : 14. 4 Shepherd FA, Dancey J, Ramlau R et al. A prospective randomized trial of docetaxel versus best supportive care in patients with non-smallcell lung cancer previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2000; 18: 20952103. Fossella FV, DeVore R, Kerr RN et al. Randomized phase III trial of docetaxel versus vinorelbine or ifosfamide in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer previously treated with platinum-containing chemotherapy regimens. The TAX 320 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer study group. J Clin Oncol 2000; 18: 23542362. Scagliotti GV, De Marinis F, Rinaldi M et al. Phase III randomized trial comparing three platinum-based doublets in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Proc Soc Clin Oncol 2001; 20: 1227. Evans TL, Lynch TJ Jr. Lung cancer. The Oncologist 2001; 6: 407414. Gandara R, Chansky K, Gaspar LE et al. Long term survival in stage IIIb non-small cell lung cancer NSCLC ; treated with consolidation docetaxel following concurrent chemoradiotherapy SWOG S9504 ; . J Clin Oncol 2005; 23: 7059a. Bonadonna G, Valagussa P, Moliterni A et al. Adjuvant cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil in node-positive breast cancer: the results of 20 years of follow-up. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 901906. Scagliotti GV, Fossati R, Torri V et al. Randomized study of adjuvant chemotherapy for completely resected stage I, II, or IIIA non-smallcell lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003; 95: 14531461. Arriagada R, Bergman B, Dunant A et al. Cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with completely resected non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 2004; 350: 351360. Winton TL, Livingston R, Johnson D et al. A prospective randomised trial of adjuvant vinorelbine VIN ; and cisplatin CIS ; in completely resected stage 1B and II non small cell lung cancer NSCLC ; Intergroup JBR.10. J Clin Oncol 2004; 22 suppl 14 ; : 7018. 13 Strauss GM, Herndon J, Maddaus MA et al. Randomized clinical trial of adjuvant chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin following resection in Stage IB non-small cell lung cancer NSCLC ; : report of Cancer and Leukemia Group B CALGB ; Protocol 9633. J Clin Oncol 2004; 22 suppl 14 ; : 7019. 14 Rosell R, Felip E. Role of multimodality treatment for lung cancer. Semin Surg Oncol 2000; 18: 143151. Rosell R .New approaches in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy of non-small cell lung cancer, including docetaxel Taxotere ; combinations. Semin Oncol 1999; 26 suppl 11 ; : 3237. 16 Mattson K, Ten Velde G, K rofta K et al. Early results of an internat iona l phase I I I udy eva luat i ng Ta xotere as neo -adjuva nt t herapy for radica lly-t reat able st age I I I NSCLC. Lung Ca ncer 2000; 29 suppl 1 ; : 90. 17 Mattson KV, Abratt RP, Ten Velde G et al. Docetaxel as neoadjuvant therapy for radically treatable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer: a multinational randomised phase III study. Ann Oncol 2003; 14: 116122. Tyagi P. Bevacizumab, when added to paclitaxel carboplatin, prolongs survival in previously untreated patients with advanced nonsmall-cell lung cancer: preliminary results from the ECOG 4599 trial. Clin Lung Cancer 2005; 6: 276278. Miller VA, Kris MG, Shah N et al. Bronchioloalveolar pathologic subtype and smoking history predict sensitivity to gefitinib in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2004; 22: 11031109. Lynch TJ, Bell DW, Sordella R et al. Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor underlying responsiveness of nonsmall-cell lung cancer to gefitinib. N Engl J Med 2004; 350: 2129 Epub 2004 Apr 29. 21 Paez JG, Janne PA, Lee JC et al. EGFR mutations in lung cancer: cor relation with clinical response to gefitinib therapy. Science 2004; 304: 14971500. Pao W, Miller VA. Epidermal growth factor receptor mutations, smallmolecule kinase inhibitors, and non-small-cell lung cancer: current knowledge and future directions. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23: 25562568. Huang SF, Liu HP, Li LH et al. High frequency of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations with complex patterns in non-small cell lung cancers related to gefitinib responsiveness in Taiwan. Clin Cancer Res 2004; 10: 81958203. Mitsudomi T, Kosaka T, Endoh H et al. Mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene predict prolonged survival after gefitinib treatment in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer with postoperative recurrence. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23: 25132520. Cortes-Funes H, Gomez C, Rosell R et al. Epidermal growth factor receptor activating mutations in Spanish gefitinib-treated non-smallcell lung cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2005; 16: 10811086. Tokumo M, Toyooka S, Kiura K et al. The relationship between epidermal growth factor receptor mutations and clinicopathologic features in nonsmall cell lung cancers. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11: 11671173. Ha n SW, K i m T Y, Hwa ng PG et red ict ive a nd prog nost ic i mpact of epider ma l g row t h factor re ceptor mut at ion i n nonsmall-cell lung cancer patients treated with gefitinib. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23: 24932501. Cohen MH, Williams GA, Sridhara R et al. FDA dr ug approval sum ma r y: gefitinib ZD1839 ; I ressa ; tablets. The Oncologist 2003; 8: 303306. Fukuoka M, Yano S, Giaccone G et al. Multi-institutional randomized phase II trial of gefitinib for previously treated patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer The IDEAL 1 Trial ; [corrected]. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21: 22372246. Takano T, Ohe Y, Sakamoto H et al. Epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutations and increased copy numbers predict gefitinib sensitivity in patients with recurrent non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005; [Epub ahead of print]. 31 Shepherd FA, Rodrigues Pereira J, Ciuleanu T et al. Erlotinib in previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 123132. Tamura K, Fukuoka M. Gefitinib in non-small cell lung cancer. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2005; 6: 985993. Fuster LM, Sandler AB. Select clinical trials of erlotinib OSI-774 ; in non-small-cell lung cancer with emphasis on phase III outcomes. Clin Lung Cancer 2004; 6 suppl 1 ; : S24S29. 34 Kosaka T, Yatabe Y, Endoh H et al. Mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene in lung cancer: biological and clinical implications. Cancer Res 2004; 64: 89198923.
Carboplatin impurity
Competencies 10 Any healthcare professional who cares for mothers and babies should work within the competencies developed by Skills for Health for Maternity and Care of the Newborn MCN ; . For further details, refer to skillsforhealth comps . They should also have relevant competencies to provide specific aspects of care including: demonstrated competency and sufficient ongoing clinical experience to undertake maternal and newborn physical examinations and recognize abnormalities [D GPP ; ] training in the effective methods of expressing and storing breast milk including how to hand express breast milk [D GPP ; ] recognising risk factors for puerperal psychosis and other mental health disorders, such as previous psychiatric history, as well as symptoms of such disorders [D GPP ; ] knowing the risks, signs and symptoms of domestic abuse and who to contact for advice and management, as recommended in the NSF National Service Framework for Children, Young People and Maternity Services, England [D GPP ; ] knowing the risks, signs and symptoms.
Carboplatin vinorelbine
With the use of T-celldepleted marrow allografts, which generally showed that a 3- to 4-log10 reduction of donor Tcell numbers in the graft leads to an increased risk of marrow graft failure compared with unmanipulated marrow transplants.30 Accordingly, it appears reasonable to assume that a substantial increase in the transfused donor T-cell numbers by itself may facilitate engraftment of hematopoietic donor cells. At present, the exact role of functionally different Tcell subsets during the process of marrow cell engraftment remains obscure. Therefore, it further needs to be defined whether the higher numbers of transfused donor T and accessory cells alone or functional differences between bloodor marrow-derived donor T- and accessory-cell populations contribute to a putative higher engraftment capability of allogeneic PBSCs. Multivariate analysis on defined endpoints of neutrophil and platelet reconstitution confirmed that the transfused CD34 cell number is an independent predictor of the time intervals to reach these endpoints. This association has, so far, not been shown by other single institutional studies.
Our belief is that companies will eventually co-locate to Northern Colorado. This is a world center for research on these types of pathogens.
Resistance in breast cancer: estrogen receptor-driven phenotypes? Trends Endocrinol Metab 7: 2535 Cherite G, Paris J, Botella J, Pasqualini JR 1999 Effect of nomegestrol acetate on estrone-sulfatase and 17 -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities in breast cancer cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 58: 525531 Takahashi N, Breitman TR 1989 Covalent binding of 17 -estradiol and retinoic acid to proteins in the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 25: 1199 1200 Anderson E, Vinson GP, Puddefoot JR, Raven PW, Gilmore OJA 1986 Steroid sequestration and tightly bound oestrogen-protein complexes in human breast tumors and a breast cancer cell line. J Steroid Biochem 24: 489 495 Clarke R, van den Berg HW, Murphy RF 1990 Tamoxifen and 17 -estradiol and carmustine.
Side effects of taxol and carboplatin for lung cancer
| Docetaxel and carboplatin1. Stone GW, Ellis SG, Cox DA, et al: One-year clinical results with the slow-release, polymer-based, paclitaxel-eluting TAXUS stents: the TAXUS-IV trial. Circulation 2004; 109: 1942-1947. Moses JW, Leon MB, Popma JJ, et al: Sirolimus-eluting stents versus standard stents in patients with stenosis in a native coronary artery. N Engl J Med 2003; 349: 1315-1323. Khurana R, Simons M, Martin JF, Zachary IC: Role of angiogenesis in cardiovascular disease: a critical appraisal. Circulation 2005; 112: 1813-1824. Bamias A, Dimopoulos MA: Angiogenesis in human cancer: implications in cancer therapy. Eur J Intern Med 2003; 14: 459-469. Eleutherakis-Papaiakovou V, Bamias A, Dimopoulos MA: Thalidomide in cancer medicine. Ann Oncol 2004; 15: 11511160. Hicklin DJ, Ellis LM: Role of the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway in tumor growth and angiogenesis. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23: 1011-1027. Bhardwaj S, Roy H, Heikura T, Yla-Herttuala S: VEGF-A, VEGF-D and VEGF-D Delta ND elta C ; induced intimal hyperplasia in carotid arteries. Eur J Clin Invest 2005; 35: 669-676. Stefanadis C, Toutouzas K, Stefanadi E, Kolodgie F, Virmani R, Kipshidze N: First experimental application of bevacizumabeluting PC coated stent for inhibition of vasa vasorum of atherosclerotic plaque: angiographic results in a rabbit atheromatic model. Hellenic J Cardiol 2006; 47: 7-10. Hurwitz H, Fehrenbacher L, Novotny W, et al: Bevacizumab plus irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2004; 350: 2335-2340. Yang JC, Haworth L, Sherry RM, et al: A randomized trial of bevacizumab, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody, for metastatic renal cancer. N Engl J Med 2003; 349: 427434. Johnson DH, Fehrenbacher L, Novotny WF, et al: Randomized phase II trial comparing bevacizumab plus carboplatin and paclitaxel with carboplatin and paclitaxel alone in previously untreated locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2004; 22: 2184-2191.
He membrane potential of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells PASMC ; is an important regulator of arterial tone. These cells have a resting membrane potential of approximately 65 to 50 vitro, close to the predicted equilibrium potential for potassium K ; ions. The opening of K channels in the PASMC membrane increases K efflux, which causes membrane hyperpolarization. This closes voltage-dependent Ca2 channels, decreasing Ca2 entry and leading to vasodilatation. Conversely, inhibition of K channels causes membrane depolarization, Ca2 entry, cell contraction, and vasoconstriction. Background or leak K -selective channels, as defined by a lack of time and voltage dependency, play an essential role in setting the resting membrane potential and input resistance in excitable cells. Two-pore domain K 2-PK ; channels have been shown to conduct several leak K currents. The activity and carteolol.
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Such findings were corroborated by a study by kim and colleagues, in which 134 patients with unresectable stage iii nsclc received ct rt with weekly carboplatin paclitaxel concurrent with definitive thoracic irradiation.
| Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially: chickenpox including recent exposure ; or herpes zoster shingles ; — risk of severe disease affecting other parts of the body hearing problems— may be worsened by carboplatin infection— carboplatin decreases your body's ability to fight infection kidney disease— effects may be increased because of slower removal from the body back to top proper use this medicine is sometimes given together with certain other medicines and caverject.
Patterns of sea surface temperature in foraging areas. For the period 1998 to 2006, we extracted the dates of all reported live leatherback sightings in waters off France Duguy et al. 1999, 2000, 2001, ; and Nova Scotia James et al. 2006 ; to assess seasonal distributions of leatherbacks in these areas. Average monthly sea surface temperature SST ; 4 km resolution ; , was obtained from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer Oceans Pathfinder data 19982005 ; and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer data 2006 ; Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory; : podaac.jpl.nasa.gov ; for continental shelf waters 200 m ; encompassing leatherback sightings 1998 to 2006 ; in Canada and France. SST data for Canada were collected from an area bounded by 69 to longitude and 42.5 to 47.5 N latitude, excluding waters of the northern half of the Gulf of Maine including the Bay of Fundy ; and waters of the Gulf of St. Lawrence west of 62 W. SST data for France were collected from an area bounded by 5 to longitude and 44 to 48 latitude. SST data were averaged to yield monthly SST estimates for the years 1998 to 2006. To evaluate if SST was higher off France than Atlantic Canada, we fit a mixed effect maximum likelihood model to the mean monthly SSTs for the 2 areas.
15.20 From passive to active subretinal implants, serving as adapting electronic substitution of degenerated photoreceptors E. Zrenner1, V.P. Gabel3, F. Gekeler1, H.G. Graf4, H. Gruber4, H. Hmmerle2, K. Kohler1, W. Nisch2, H. Sachs3, H. Sailer2, K. Shinoda, 1 A. Stett2, B. Wilhelm1 * 1 University Eye Hospital Tuebingen, Dept. II 1 * Steinbeis Transfer Centre for Biomedical Optics and Function Testing 2 Natural and Medical Institute Reutlingen 3 University Eye Hospital Regensburg 4 Institute for Microelectronics, University of Stuttgart and cefazolin.
DXA and static histomorphometry was used to analyze long bones from LuRKO mice. Figure 9A shows no significant decreases in femoral LuRKO, 47.2 0.9; WT, 51.3 2.4 mg cm2; P 0.14 ; and tibial LuRKO, 43.6 1.1; WT, 45.2 1.3 mg cm2; P 0.34 ; BMD of 9- to 10-wk-old female LuRKO mice compared with age- and sex-matched WT controls. This declining trend in BMD in the 9- and 10-wk-old female LuRKO mice was corroborated with static histomorphometry; the BV TV, TbWi, and TbN all decreased compared with WT Table 3 ; . The differences in BMD of 5-month-old.
Carboplatin sensitivity
Table 3. Population pharmacokinetic parameters of carboplatin Parameter Clearance l h ; Volume of distribution l ; Distribution microconstant k12 h ; Distribution microconstant k21 h ; Residual proportional error % ; Residual additive error M ; Estimate 7.44 10.4 0.672 RSD % ; 5.4 6.7 13 IIV % ; 20 13 ND IOV % ; 15 16 ND and cefprozil.
[Mr. Brennan.] Estimates Volume will be published within a few weeks while the budget will be announced shortly after 1 December next. As I have already stated in the House, I committed to delivering on the social welfare commitments contained in An Agreed Programme for Government, Sustaining Progress and the national anti-poverty strategy. I engaged in meeting a wide variety of community and voluntary groups to hear their concerns. I also examining a range of proposals for improvements in social welfare arrangements in consultation with my officials and my plans in this regard should be finalised shortly. Pension Provisions. 252. Mr. Connaughton asked the Minister for Social and Family Affairs if his attention has been drawn to the inequity caused by the introduction of the reduced old age contributory pension; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [26440 04] Minister for Social and Family Affairs Mr. Brennan ; : To qualify for an old age contributory pension, it is necessary for a person to have paid social insurance contributions, at an appropriate rate, over an extended period. The rate structure is designed to enable as many as possible to receive pensions, while at the same time giving appropriate recognition to the different levels of contribution which people have made to the social insurance fund. In this regard, the Government has introduced a number of measures designed to make qualification for old age contributory pensions easier for people with reduced or broken social insurance records. In 1997, the average yearly number of contributions required for a minimum pension was reduced from 20 to ten. Pro-rata pensions are also available for people with insurance contributions at different rates or from other EU countries or countries with whom Ireland has signed a bilateral agreement. In addition, special pensions were introduced for those with pre-1953 contributions and for the self-employed who were already over 56 years of age in 1988 when compulsory social insurance was introduced for that group. Rather than creating inequities, the measures introduced, including the creation of half-rate pensions, have enabled many people, who up to 1997 would not have qualified for a payment, to qualify. The pensions being received by those on reduced rate or pro-rata pensions represent a very good return for the contributions paid. All persons are entitled to an old age non-contributory pension, subject to a means test. Social Welfare Benefits. 253. Mr. R. Bruton asked the Minister for Social and Family Affairs if he will consider exempting part of payments of redundancy lump.
Carboplatin weekly
27. REPEATED HIGH-DOSE CARBOPLATIN WITH STEM CELL REINFUSION IN HIGH-RISK MEDULLOBLASTOMA MB ; PEDIATRIC PATIENTS Cappelli C, Libera F, De Pasquale MD, Amoroso L, Di Salvo S, Russo D, Clerico A; Pediatric Oncology Unit, University of Rome "La Sapienza, " Italy Background: High-risk and relapsed MB are actually of major concern, although every approach and overall survival for these patients pts ; remains poor. Good results have been obtained increasing the chemotherapy dose. Considering that, since 1997 in our unit we have been using a protocol that includes a high dose of carboplatin and stem cell support. Materials and Methods: From November 1997 to November 2001, 9 patients were included; 4 were at onset and 5 at relapse. The administrated therapy, for pts at onset, included neurosurgery, 2 chemotherapy courses carboplatin 1000 mg mq + etoposide 300 mg mq ; before radiotherapy RT ; , a standard dose RT 35 Gy SNC + 20 Gy posterior fossa ; , and 4 courses after RT, each one followed by stem cell reinfusion CD34 + ; . For pts at relapse, therapy included a second surgical look or a stereotactic RT and repeated high-dose and ceftriaxone.
38, with baseline [Ca2'li levels of 102 ? 18 nM rising to a peak Ca2 + spike of 457 2 59 nM, and a [Ca2 + li plateau after 1 min of stimulation of 309 2 41 nM Fig. 20. In contrast, VIP 100 nM ; tested in 12 oT3-1 cells stimulated either a low am; plitude Ca2' step response 7 cells; 58% ; or repetitive Ca + transients 5 cells; 42%; Fig. 2D ; . In terms of mean [Ca2 + ], VIP 100 nM ; stimulated a rise from 107 t 6 to 239 -t 26 nM n The VIP-stimulated Ca2 + responses in oT3-1 cells were blocked by NiCI, n 10; Fig. 2D ; and were not observed in the absence of extracellular Cazt n 6; Fig. 2E ; , indicating that, like the PACAP VIP responses in GH, C, cells Fig. l ; , these responses are due to Ca2 + influx. Interestingly, after blockade of the VIP-stimulated Ca2 + response by NiCl, or Ca2 + -free medium, the addition of PACAP 100 nM ; stimulated a Ca2 + spike response, indicating that PACAP could address an intracellular signaling pathway in addition to that stimulated by VIP Fig. 2, D and E ; . These PACAP-38-stimulated Ca2 + responses in ~T31 cells are similar to those observed in normal rat gonadotrophs, in that the major response is underlied by the release of Ca2 + from an intracellular store 13 ; . However, the PACAP-38-stimulated, Ca2 + -store-dependent, Ca2 + oscillations seen in normal cells 16 ; were not observed in cwTS1 cells at any PACAP- concentration tested 100 to 100 nr and carboplatin.
Hypersensitivity occurred secondary to paclitaxel 10 ; carboplatin 16 ; , cisplatin 4 ; , bleomycin 1 ; , and paclitaxel carboplatin combination therapy 1 and celestone.
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1. Eng C, Li FP, Abramson DH, et al. Mortality from second tumors among longterm survivors of retinoblastoma. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993; 85: 1121-1128. Andracchi S, Dunkel IJ, Abramson DH, Mendelsohn ME. Regression patterns after single agent systemic chemotherapy for intraocular retinoblastoma [abstract]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1996; 37: 3. Kingston JE, Hungerford JL, Madreperla SA, Plowman PN. Results of combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced intraocular retinoblastoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 1996; 114: 1339-1343. Murphree AL, Villablanca JG, Deegan WF, et al. Chemotherapy plus local treatment in the management of intraocular retinoblastoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 1996; 114: 1348-1356. Chan HSL, Thorner PS, Haddad G, et al. Effect of chemotherapy on intraocular retinoblastoma. Int J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1995; 2: 269-281. Shields CL, DePotter P, Himelstein BP, et al. Chemoreduction in the initial management of intraocular retinoblastoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 1996; 114: 13301338. Greenwald MJ, Strauss LC. Treatment of intraocular retinoblastoma with carboplatin and etoposide chemotherapy. Ophthalmology. 1996; 103: 1989-1997. Abramson DH, Ellsworth RM, Tretter P, et al. Simultaneous bilateral radiation for advanced bilateral retinoblastoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 1981; 99: 1763-1766. Lincoff H, Kreissig I. A catheter to deliver retrobulbar medication. Arch Ophthalmol. 1996; 114: 634-635. Motzer RJ, Gulati SC, Tong WP, et al. Phase I trial with pharmacokinetic analyses of high-dose carboplatin, etoposide and cyclophosphamide with autologous bone marrow transplantation in patients with refractory germ cell tumor. Cancer Res. 1993; 53: 3730-3735. Madden T, Sunderland M, Santana VM, et al. The pharmacokinetics of highdose carboplatin in pediatric patients with cancer. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1992; 51: 701-707. Mulder POM, de Vries EGE, Uges DRA, et al. Pharmacokinetics of carboplatin at a dose of 750 mg m2 divided over three consecutive days. Br J Cancer. 1990; 61: 460-464. Stevenson KE, Hungerford J, Garner A. Local extraocular extension of retinoblastoma following intraocular surgery. Br J Ophthalmol. 1989; 73: 739-742. Balis FM, Holcenberg JS, Poplack DG. General principles of chemotherapy. In: Pizzo PA, Poplack DG, eds. Principles and Practice of Pediatric Oncology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott-Raven; 1997: 228. 15. Wilson TW, Chan HSL, Moselhy GM, Heydt DD, Frey CM, Gallie BL. Penetration of chemotherapy into vitreous is increased by cryotherapy and cyclosporin in rabbits. Arch Ophthalmol. 1996; 114: 1390-1395. Dunkel IJ, Mendelsohn ME, Bayer L, et al. A pilot phase II trial of carboplatin in children with intraocular retinoblastoma [abstract]. Proc Soc Clin Oncol. 1996; 15: A1439. 17. Harbour JW, Murray TG, Hamasaki D, et al. Local carboplatin therapy in transgenic murine retinoblastoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1996; 37: 1892-1898. Murray TG, Cicciarelli N, O'Brien JM, et al. Subconjunctival carboplatin therapy and cryotherapy in the treatment of transgenic murine retinoblastoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 1997; 115: 1286-1290.
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