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Lower strength of the metaphyseal trabecular bone it may be difficult to achieve a tight fit in the proximal, metaphyseal femur. Diaphyseal fixation is, therefore, often considered an alternative and may provide the necessary resistance to the joint loads in general and to rotational forces in particular Whiteside et al. 1996 ; . A mainly distal anchorage, conversely, may lead to non-physiological load transmission pathways with proximal bone resorption stress shielding ; and eventually aseptic loosening in the long-term Rosenberg 1989; Plitz 1993.
134. Comparison of Preoperative Diagnoses of Chondromalacia Patella Using Motion-Palpation and MRI, with Arthroscopic Evaluation * Anthony R. Lancaster, B.S. Louisville, KY Craig S. Roberts, M.D. Louisville, KY John Nyland, Ph.D. Louisville, KY INTRODUCTION: There is limited data about the utility of clinical grading of chondromalacia based on manual palpation. We investigated the efficacy of preoperatively diagnosing chondromalacia of the patellofemoral joint using a motion-palpation test. This was a retrospective chart review, evidence level III. METHODS: We evaluated the charts of 208 patients who underwent unilateral knee joint arthroscopy for initial physical examination findings, Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI ; tests results, and observations during the arthroscopic examination. RESULTS: Based on the clinical detection and grading of patellofemoral crepitation, diagnoses of patellofemoral joint chondromalacia was accurate in 75% of the cases. A simple clinical crepitation test based on manual palpation and tactile feedback showed an overall sensitivity of 82%, but a specificity of only 43%. The overall positive predictive value test was shown to be 86% with improving specificity and positive predictive value with more mild or severe patellar articular cartilage changes and improving specificity and positive predictive value with more severe crepitation classification at the femoral trochlea. Positive predictive value of a positive test in the severe crepitation category showed 100% for the patella and 97% for the femoral trochlea. MRI was shown to be an unreliable preoperative indicator for chondromalacia, with an overall accuracy of 67.1%, a sensitivity of 48.5%, and a specificity of 81.4%. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that a simple motionpalpation clinical physical examination test accurately diagnosed the patellofemoral chondromalacia grade in 86% of cases. Although the overall specificity we observed was only 43%, the overall sensitivity was 82%. The relationship between crepitation level and articular cartilage lesion grade tended to increase as lesion severity increased with the most severe crepitation level displaying 96% specificity for identifying chondromalacia at the patella and femoral trochlea. Clinician training in the motion-palpation technique is recommended.
ROGER, M. - Ecole Centrale de Lyon, France: Fundamentals of aeroacoustics Turbulence and jet noise Noise from moving surfaces On the noise from open rotors.
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Uhing MR, Beno DWA, Jiyampa-Serna VA, Chen Y, Galinsky RE, Hall SD, and Kimura RE 2004 ; The effect of anesthesia and surgery on CYP3A activity in rats. Drug Metab Dispos 32: 13251330. Wajima T, Fukumura K, Yano Y, and Oguma T 2003 ; Prediction of human pharmacokinetics from animal data and molecular structural parameters using multivariate regression analysis: oral clearance. J Pharm Sci 92: 24272440. Ward KW and Smith BR 2004a ; A comprehensive quantitative and qualitative evaluation of extrapolation of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters from rat, dog and monkey to humans. I. Clearance. Drug Metab Dispos 32: 603 611. Ward KW and Smith BR 2004b ; A comprehensive quantitative and qualitative evaluation of extrapolation of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters from rat, dog and monkey to humans. II. Volume of distribution and mean residence time. Drug Metab Dispos 32: 612 619.
It is not known if taxotere is found in breast milk.
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13. Gore ME, Levy V, Rustin G, et al. Paclitaxel Taxol ; in relapsed and refractory ovarian cancer: the UK and Eire experience. Br J Cancer 1995; 72: 1016 McGuire WP, Hoskins WJ, Brady MF, et al. Cyclophosphamide and cisplatin compared with paclitaxel and cisplatin in patients with stage III and stage IV ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 1 Piccart MJ, Bertelsen K, James K, et al. Randomized intergroup trial of cisplatin-paclitaxel versus cisplatin-cyclophosphamide in women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer: three-year results. J Natl Cancer Inst Bethesda ; 2000; 92: 699 Ozols RF, Bundy BN, Greer BE, et al. Phase III trial of carboplatin and paclitaxel compared with cisplatin and paclitaxel in patients with optimally resected stage III ovarian cancer: a Gynecological Oncology Group Study. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21: 3194 0. 17. du Bois A, Neijt JP, Thigpen JT. First line chemotherapy with carboplatin plus paclitaxel in advanced ovarian cancer: a new standard of care? Ann Oncol 1999; 10 Suppl 1 ; : 35 41. 18. Neijt JP, Engelholm SA, Tuxen MK, et al. Exploratory Phase III study of paclitaxel and cisplatin versus paclitaxel and carboplatin in advanced ovarian cancer. J Clin Oncol 2000; 18: 3084 Paclitaxel plus carboplatin versus standard chemotherapy with either single-agent carboplatin or cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin in women with ovarian cancer: the ICON3 randomised trial. Lancet 2002; 360: 50515. Kaye SB, Piccart M, Aapro M, Francis P, Kavanagh J. Phase II trials of docetaxel Taxotere ; in advanced ovarian cancer: an updated overview. Eur J Cancer 1997; 33: 216770. Verschraegen CF, Sittisomwong T, Kudelka AP, et al. Docetaxel for patients with paclitaxel-resistant Mullerian carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2000; 18: 27339. Vasey PA. Survival and longer-term toxicity results of the SCOTROC study: docetaxel-carboplatin DC ; vs. paclitaxel-carboplatin PC ; in epithelial ovarian cancer EOC ; . Proc Soc Clin Oncol 2002; 21: 202a. Vogel CL, Cobleigh MA, Tripathy D, et al. Efficacy and safety of trastuzumab as a single agent in first-line treatment of HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20: 719 Cobleigh MA, Vogel CL, Tripathy D, et al. Multinational study of the efficacy and safety of humanized anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody in women who have HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer that has progressed after chemotherapy for metastatic disease. J Clin Oncol 1999; 17: 2639 Baselga J, Tripathy D, Mendelsohn J, et al. Phase II study of weekly intravenous recombinant humanized anti-p185HER2 monoclonal antibody in patients with HER2 neu-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1996; 14: 737 Slamon DJ, Leyland-Jones B, Shak S, et al. Use of chemotherapy plus a monoclonal antibody against HER2 for metastatic breast cancer that overexpresses HER2. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 78392. Druker BJ. Imatinib alone and in combination for chronic myeloid leukemia. Semin Hematol 2003; 40: 50 Goldman JM, Druker BJ. Chronic myeloid leukemia: current treatment options. Blood 2001; 98: 2039 Markman M. Why study third-, fourth-, fifth-, . line chemotherapy of ovarian cancer? Gynecol Oncol 2001; 83: 449 Muggia FM, Braly PS, Brady MF, et al. Phase III randomized study of cisplatin versus paclitaxel versus cisplatin and paclitaxel in patients with suboptimal stage III or IV ovarian cancer: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol 2000; 18: 106 Zubrod CG, Schneiderman SM, Frei E III, et al. Appraisal of methods for the study of chemotherapy of cancer in man: comparative therapeutic trial of nitrogen mustard and triethylene thiophosphoramide J Chronic Dis 1960; 11: 733. Gehan EA, Schneiderman MA. Historical and methodological developments in clinical trials at the National Cancer Institute. Stat Med 1990; 9: 871 discussion 903 6.
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We can make progress treating colon cancer by educating both surgeons and patients about the new techniques to treat diseases of the colon." --John J. Murray, MD and telithromycin.
Life science research is increasingly global. Much research potential outside Europe in this field remains untapped. Many excellent research teams in various third countries around the globe would like to cooperate with Europe, but are hindered by various constraints. In order to participate in and fully benefit from European Framework Programmes, they will need to adopt management and administration standards and procedures matching those applied by their partners in Europe.
Taxotere as monotherapy is intended for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer after failure of cytotoxic chemotherapy. In combination with doxorubicin Taxotere is indicated as first-line treatment for locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer. Taxotere in combination with capecitabine is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer after failure of cytotoxic chemotherapy. Previous therapy should have included an anthracycline. Furthermore, Taxotere as monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer after failure of prior chemotherapy. Taxotere is also indicated in combination with cisplatin for the treatment of patients with unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer in patients who have not previously received chemotherapy for this condition. Docetaxel, the active substance of Taxotere, is prepared by semisynthesis using a substance extracted from yew needles, i.e. 10-deacetylbaccatin III DAB-10 ; . Docetaxel is an antineoplastic agent that acts by promoting the assembly of tubulin into stable microtubules and inhibits their disassembly, which leads to a marked decrease of free tubulin and eventually to cancer cell death. The binding of docetaxel to microtubules does not alter the number of protofilaments. Docetaxel has been shown in vitro to disrupt the microtubular network in cells, which is essential for vital mitotic and interphase cellular functions. Docetaxel was found to be cytotoxic in vitro against various murine and human tumour cell lines and against freshly excised human tumour cells in clonogenic assays. Docetaxel achieves high intracellular concentrations with a long cell residence time. In addition, docetaxel was found to be active on some but not all cell lines overexpressing the p-glycoprotein that is encoded by the multidrug resistance gene. In vivo, docetaxel is schedule independent and has a broad spectrum of experimental antitumour activity against advanced murine and human grafted tumours. The main mechanism of resistance is due to overexpression of the cell surface drug transporter glycoprotein GP170 encoded by the MDR1 gene and responsible for multidrug resistance to many structurally similar anticancer drugs: taxoids, vinca-alkaloids, anthracyclines, podophyllotoxins. 2. Chemical, pharmaceutical and biological aspects and temodar.
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Category: Prostate Cancer, Cancer, Clinical trials-open, Metastastic, Breast, Ovarian, androgen independent hormone refractory, ZK-Epo, Berlex Labs posted by admin 2: 04 ZK-Epothilone ZK-Epo ; is a novel chemotherapy drug currently in clinical trials to see if it has an effect against advanced prostate, ovarian and breast cancer. ZK-Epo may work differently than Taxotere and other taxane drugs. It is being tested against all three cancers at centers across the USA and also in Argentina for ovarian cancer ; and Canada for breast cancer ; . One of the medical centers now recruiting prostate cancer patients for this trial is Oregon Health and Science University OSHU ; . The chief clinical investigator for the OSHU trial is Tomasz Beer, MD. tatic Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer. All the centers recruiting patients for this trial are listed at ClinicalTrials.gov and appear below. How is ZK-Epo expected to work its mechanism of action ; amd what have preclinical studies shown about its effect on cancer cells and tumors implanted in mice? Firstly we have the company's statements: In their blurb for the prostate cancer trial they say: ZK-Epo is a member of the epothilone class which binds to beta-tubulin causing microtubule stabilization. These mechanisms of action leading to tumor cell kill are similar to those of the taxanes e.g. docetaxel ; . Preclinical models, both in vitro and using animal xenograft systems including several human prostate cancer cell lines have shown ZK-Epo inhibits tumor cell growth at least as well as taxanes. ZK-Epo was developed to be insensitive to common mechanisms of cancer chemotherapy resistance effecting drugs such as taxanes. This characteristic of the study drug has been verified in several preclinical models as well as responses seen in patients with solid tumor cancers having been previously exposed to taxanes and tumor types not generally sensitive to taxanes
Please contact McKesson to inquire about any products not listed here All drugs listed are subject to manufacturer availability. Medications listed below may be obtained under BCBSIL major medical benefit. J0207 500 MCG ; ETHYOL J0215 0.5 MG ; AMEVIVE J0270 1.25 MCG ; CAVERJECT J0585 type A 1U ; BOTOX J0587 type B 100U ; MYOBLOC J0880 5MCG ; ARANESP J1070 100MG ; DEPOTESTOSTERONE J1080 200MG ; DEPOTESTOSTERONE J1110 1MG ; D.H.E. 45 J1260 10 MG ; ANZEMET J1438 25MG ; ENBREL J1440 300mcg ; NEUPOGEN J1441 480mcg ; NEUPOGEN J1564 CARIMMUNE GAMIMUNE N GAMMAGARD S D GAMMAR PIV IVEEGAM PANGLOBULIN POLYGAM S D VENOGLOBULIN J1645 2500 IU ; FRAGMIN J1650 LOVENOX J1745 10 MG ; REMICADE J1785 1U ; CEREZYME J1825 33 MCG ; AVONEX J1830 0.25 MG ; BETASERON J2353 1 MG ; SANDOSTATIN LAR J2354 25 MG ; SANDOSTATIN MDV J2355 5 MG ; NEUMEGA J2405 1 MG ; ZOFRAN J1595 20 MG ; COPAXONE J2505 6 MG ; NEULASTA J2790 300 MCG ; BAYRHO D J2820 50 MCG ; LEUKINE J2940 1 mg ; PROTROPIN J2941 1 mg ; GENOTROPIN HUMATROPE NORDITROPIN NUTROPIN NUTROPIN AQ NUTROPIN DEPOT SAIZEN J3130 200 MG ; DELATESTRYL J3240 0.9 MG ; THYROGEN J3487 1 MG ; ZOMETA J3490 300 MG ; unclassified drug Use NDC with claim ; COPEGUS FORTEO HUMIRA KINERET MACUGEN PEGASYS PEG-INTRON PLENAXIS RAPTIVA REBETRON REBIF REPRONEX RIBAVIRIN RISPERDAL CONSTA RHOGAM J9217 22.5, 30, 45 MG ; ELIGARD J7190 1 IU ; HEMOFIL-M MONARC-M MONOCLATE-P J7192 1 IU ; ALPHANATE HELIXATE FS KOGENATE FS RECOMBINATE REFACTO J7193 1 IU ; ALPHANINE SD MONNINE J7194 1 IU ; PROPLEX T J7317 20 MG ; HYALGAN SUPARTZ J7320 16 MG ; SYNVISC J9001 10 MG ; DOXIL J9015 1 EACH ; PROLEUKIN J9170 20 MG ; TAXOTERE J9178 2 MG ; ELLENCE J9201 200 MG ; GEMZAR J9206 20 MG ; ZOLADEX J9212 1 MCG ; INFERGEN J9214 1 U ; INTRON-A J9310 100 MG ; RITUXAN J9355 10MG ; HERCEPTIN Q0136 1000 U ; EPOGEN PROCRIT Q2022 1 IU ; HUMATE P S0122 75 IU ; PERGONAL S0126 75 IU ; GONAL-F S0128 75 IU ; FOLLISTIM and tenex.
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Introduction The success of assisted reproductive techniques is complicated by the increase in the rate of high-order multifetal pregnancies. The improvement of culture media and availability of blastocyst transfers may help to preserve the rate of clinical pregnancies achieved by assisted reproductive techniques, while decreasing the risk of multiple pregnancies. Monozygotic multifetal pregnancy is associated with severe complications due to vascular anastomoses, causing twin-to-twin transfusion. Multifetal pregnancy reduction MPR ; is an inevitable invasive procedure to reduce the risk of forthcoming complications. This report presents a case of conception after intracytoplasmic sperm injection ICSI ; and transfer of three blastocyst stage embryos leading to a quintuplet pregnancy, and the subsequent delivery of two healthy babies following the selective reduction of the monozygotic triplet in her quintuplet pregnancy. Case report The patient was a 34 year old woman who complained of primary infertility for 11 years. She had had a regular menstrual history. The physical and gynaecological examinations as well as the laboratory and radiological studies revealed no abnormal findings. Her husband had been operated for a varicocele on the left side. The semen analysis revealed severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermia concentration: 2 106 ml, total motility: 13% 5% progressive motility, morphology according to Kruger's strict criteria: 2 ; . His peripheral karyotype was 46XY and fluorescent in-situ hybridization analysis for Y microdeletions revealed negative findings. The couple was signed for ICSI 782.
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